全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞
三、形容詞和副詞
形容詞修飾名詞或代詞。表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、 副詞或整個(gè)句子等,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式及程度。
1、形容詞的構(gòu)成:形容詞大體上有三種構(gòu)成方式:簡(jiǎn)單形容詞、分詞作形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞。簡(jiǎn)單形容詞通常為一個(gè)單詞,如old,good,yellow等;分詞作形容詞為現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞,interesting,pleased等;復(fù)合形容詞為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成,如light-hearted,hard-to-please等。
2、形容詞在句子中的位置:形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常在所修飾的名詞前。但當(dāng)形容詞修飾某些復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),形容詞則應(yīng)置后。這些復(fù)合不定代詞必須帶有any,every,no,some等。
例:Something special happened last night.
3、形容詞的順序:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞在修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),他們的順序應(yīng)按其與所修飾的名詞之間的遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系而定。關(guān)系越密切,與名詞的距離也就越近;卷樞蛉缦拢
限定(冠詞、代詞)+數(shù)(序列詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+描繪(大寫(xiě)、長(zhǎng)短、高低等)+特征(新舊、年齡)+顏色+類屬(專有、材料質(zhì)地)+名詞性定語(yǔ)+名詞。
例:The expensive bright red Italian leather purse.
副詞
1、副詞的種類:時(shí)間副詞,如now,after等;地點(diǎn)副詞,如there,somewhere等;方式副詞,如fast,kindly等;程度副詞,如much,lightly等;頻率副詞,如seldom,often等;疑問(wèn)副詞,如why,when等。
2、副詞在句子中的位置
(1)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞置于所修飾的動(dòng)詞或該動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)之前或之后。如果賓語(yǔ)部分為從句,副詞則置于動(dòng)詞前或動(dòng)詞后。
例:A shirt and an ordinary pair of trousers will do nicely.
“A good night's sleep is what you want,”he said firmly.
(2)副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),修飾詞在前,被修飾詞在后。
例:The problem and answer are very simple.
They work terrifically fast.
(3)頻率副詞應(yīng)置于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前,但要置于be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
例:She frequently goes to see her grandma in the senior house.
She is always happy.
He might seldom do this.
3、副詞的順序:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的副詞同時(shí)使用時(shí),順序是:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間。另外,同類副詞同時(shí)使用時(shí),小單位在前,大單位在后。短的詞在前,長(zhǎng)的詞在后。需要時(shí)可用and或but連接。
例:Get together in front of the Main Building at 7:30 am the coming Sunday.
4、特殊用法的副詞
(1)enough作為副詞時(shí),置于動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之后。但作為形容詞時(shí),置于名詞之前,并且該名詞必須是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,不能是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。
例:I've had enough.Thanks.
Have you got enough books?
(2)very做副詞時(shí),可以修飾形容詞、副詞和短語(yǔ),但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
例:It's very kind of you.
(3)else置于以any,every,no,some起始的不定代詞之后,置于疑問(wèn)詞之后。
例:What else can I do, if you are not satisfied?
Anyone else wants to go with me besides these two?
形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)有三種:原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
1、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)
(1)將兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),肯定式用as+原形+as,表示同等或同樣。否定式用not as/so+原形+as,表示不一樣。
例:She works as hard as he does.
Mary's handwriting is as good as Peter's.
This mountain is not so high as the one we climbed yesterday.
(2)表示同級(jí)的比較方法還有:the same ...as,like.
例:He has the same feeling on the situation as I do.
Like many girls toay, she tries so hard to be slim.
2、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)
(1)比較級(jí)是指二者之間的比較。
表現(xiàn)形式為:比較級(jí)+than,有時(shí)than可省略。
例:She works more carefully than the new comer.
This bottle has less water than the other one.
(2)可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞:a bit,a great deal,a little,a lot,any,by far,even,far,lots,many,much,still.這些詞通常所置于修飾的比較級(jí)前。
例:Detective moe is much more interesting than scientific one,I think.
The coat is only a bit smaller than what I requested.
3、形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)
(1)最高級(jí)指三者或三者以上的比較。
表現(xiàn)形式為:the+最高級(jí)。
例:This book among those I borrowed from the library is the most difficult one to read.
He works the hardest among the three.
(2)可以修飾最高級(jí)的詞:almost,by far,far ,mostly,much,nearly.這些詞通常置于所修飾的最高級(jí)的定冠詞前。very 置于定冠詞后。
例:He is almost the tallest in the school.
This is the very best chocolate cake I've ever tasted.
4、其他比較的表現(xiàn)形式
(1)越來(lái)越...表現(xiàn)形式為:more and more+原形(多音節(jié)形容詞),或比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。
例:More and more people want to be volunteers.
(2)越...就越...表現(xiàn)形式為:the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)。
例:The harder you work,the more you get.
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則變化
|
|
例 詞 |
一般情況 |
加er, est |
smaller,smallest |
以e 結(jié)尾 |
加r,st |
larger,largest |
以"輔音字母+y "結(jié)尾的 |
改y為i,再加er,est |
busier,busiest |
重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 |
雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母,加er,est |
fatter,fattest |
多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的 |
加more most |
more beautiful, most important |
注意:大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí) |
比較級(jí) |
最高級(jí) |
good ,well |
better |
best |
bad, ill, badly |
worse |
worst |
many ,much |
more |
most |
little |
less |
least |
far |
farther, further |
farthest,further |
old |
older, elder |
oldest, eldest |
課后習(xí)題講解
—It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.
—Right. That's what she likes to do ________.
A.more
B.less
C.most
D.least
答案:C
解析:上句“愛(ài)麗絲好像是除了畫(huà)畫(huà)什么也不想做”,下句重申“的確,那是她‘最’喜歡做的。”用most最高級(jí)來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,故選C。
—Peter looks sporty.
—Yes. He is the ________ runner in my class.
A.slower
B.slowest
C.faster
D.fastest
答案:D
I can________ be a nurse.I'm not a very patient person.
A.seldom
B.ever
C.never
D.Always
答案:C
Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. ________ you are, ________ mistakes you'll make.
A.The more carefully; the fewer
B.The more careful; the less
C.The more carefully; the less
D.The more careful; the fewer
答案:D
解析:本題考查形容詞比較級(jí)的用法。“the+比較級(jí)…the+比較級(jí)”的用法,表示“越……越……”。“你越細(xì)心”這個(gè)句子是系表結(jié)構(gòu),故用形容詞careful。fewer是few 的比較級(jí),修飾可數(shù)名詞,故選D。
Remember, boys. ________ you stand, ________ you will see.
A.The higher; the farther
B.Higher; farther
C.The highest; the farthest
D.High; far
答案:A
She is very good at painting. She can paint ________ her teacher.
A.a(chǎn)s better as
B.a(chǎn)s well as
C.a(chǎn)s good as
D.so well as
答案:B
解析:as...as 中間用形容詞,副詞原級(jí),答案A可以排除;再則副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故答案選B。
—Why don't you like winter in Beijing?
—Because it is ________ winter in Guangzhou.
A.a(chǎn)s cold as
B.much colder than
C.not so cold as
D.not colder than
答案:B
Uncle Carl is really man.
A.a(chǎn)n old sweet
B.a(chǎn) sweet,old
C.a(chǎn) sweet old
D.a(chǎn)n old,sweet
答案:C
解析:形容詞的排列要求是:描繪性的形容詞在表示特征的形容詞前,因?yàn)樘卣魍ǔJ遣豢筛淖兊。Sweet是描述性的詞,而old是表示特征的。選項(xiàng)C正確。
This is ________ difficult problem that few students can work it out.
A.so
B.so a
C.such
D.such a
答案:D
全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞