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廣州學(xué)歷招考網(wǎng) > 成人高考 > 成人高考試題 > 全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞

全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2021-09-25 15:59:50    人感興趣

全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞


三、形容詞和副詞

形容詞修飾名詞或代詞。表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、 副詞或整個(gè)句子等,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式及程度。
1、形容詞的構(gòu)成:形容詞大體上有三種構(gòu)成方式:簡(jiǎn)單形容詞、分詞作形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞。簡(jiǎn)單形容詞通常為一個(gè)單詞,如old,good,yellow等;分詞作形容詞為現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞,interesting,pleased等;復(fù)合形容詞為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成,如light-hearted,hard-to-please等。
2、形容詞在句子中的位置:形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常在所修飾的名詞前。但當(dāng)形容詞修飾某些復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),形容詞則應(yīng)置后。這些復(fù)合不定代詞必須帶有any,every,no,some等。
例:Something special happened last night.
3、形容詞的順序:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞在修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),他們的順序應(yīng)按其與所修飾的名詞之間的遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系而定。關(guān)系越密切,與名詞的距離也就越近;卷樞蛉缦拢
限定(冠詞、代詞)+數(shù)(序列詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+描繪(大寫(xiě)、長(zhǎng)短、高低等)+特征(新舊、年齡)+顏色+類屬(專有、材料質(zhì)地)+名詞性定語(yǔ)+名詞。
例:The expensive bright red Italian leather purse.
 
副詞

1、副詞的種類:時(shí)間副詞,如now,after等;地點(diǎn)副詞,如there,somewhere等;方式副詞,如fast,kindly等;程度副詞,如much,lightly等;頻率副詞,如seldom,often等;疑問(wèn)副詞,如why,when等。

2、副詞在句子中的位置
(1)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞置于所修飾的動(dòng)詞或該動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)之前或之后。如果賓語(yǔ)部分為從句,副詞則置于動(dòng)詞前或動(dòng)詞后。
例:A shirt and an ordinary pair of trousers will do nicely.
    “A good night's sleep is what you want,”he said firmly.
(2)副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),修飾詞在前,被修飾詞在后。
例:The problem and answer are very simple.
    They work terrifically fast.
(3)頻率副詞應(yīng)置于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前,但要置于be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
例:She frequently goes to see her grandma in the senior house.
    She is always happy.
    He might seldom do this.

3、副詞的順序:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的副詞同時(shí)使用時(shí),順序是:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間。另外,同類副詞同時(shí)使用時(shí),小單位在前,大單位在后。短的詞在前,長(zhǎng)的詞在后。需要時(shí)可用and或but連接。
例:Get together in front of the Main Building at 7:30 am the coming Sunday.    

4、特殊用法的副詞
(1)enough作為副詞時(shí),置于動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之后。但作為形容詞時(shí),置于名詞之前,并且該名詞必須是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,不能是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。
例:I've had enough.Thanks.
    Have you got enough books?
(2)very做副詞時(shí),可以修飾形容詞、副詞和短語(yǔ),但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
例:It's very kind of you.
(3)else置于以any,every,no,some起始的不定代詞之后,置于疑問(wèn)詞之后。
例:What else can I do, if you are not satisfied?
Anyone else wants to go with me besides these two?
 
形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)有三種:原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

1、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)
(1)將兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),肯定式用as+原形+as,表示同等或同樣。否定式用not as/so+原形+as,表示不一樣。
例:She works as hard as he does.
    Mary's handwriting is as good as Peter's.
    This mountain is not so high as the one we climbed yesterday.
(2)表示同級(jí)的比較方法還有:the same ...as,like.
例:He has the same feeling on the situation as I do.
    Like many girls toay, she tries so hard to be slim.

2、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)
(1)比較級(jí)是指二者之間的比較。
表現(xiàn)形式為:比較級(jí)+than,有時(shí)than可省略。
例:She works more carefully than the new comer.
    This bottle has less water than the other one.
(2)可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞:a bit,a great deal,a little,a lot,any,by far,even,far,lots,many,much,still.這些詞通常所置于修飾的比較級(jí)前。
例:Detective moe is much more interesting than scientific one,I think.
    The coat is only a bit smaller than what I requested.

3、形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)
(1)最高級(jí)指三者或三者以上的比較。
表現(xiàn)形式為:the+最高級(jí)。
例:This book among those I borrowed from the library is the most difficult one to read.
    He works the hardest among the three.
(2)可以修飾最高級(jí)的詞:almost,by far,far ,mostly,much,nearly.這些詞通常置于所修飾的最高級(jí)的定冠詞前。very 置于定冠詞后。
例:He is almost the tallest in the school.
    This is the very best chocolate cake I've ever tasted.

4、其他比較的表現(xiàn)形式
(1)越來(lái)越...表現(xiàn)形式為:more and more+原形(多音節(jié)形容詞),或比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。
例:More and more people want to be volunteers.
(2)越...就越...表現(xiàn)形式為:the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)。
例:The harder you work,the more you get.           
                    
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則變化
    例 詞
一般情況 加er, est smaller,smallest
以e 結(jié)尾 加r,st larger,largest
以"輔音字母+y "結(jié)尾的 改y為i,再加er,est busier,busiest
重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母,加er,est fatter,fattest
多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的  加more most more beautiful,  most important  
注意:大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
good ,well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
many ,much more most
little less least
far farther, further farthest,further
old older, elder oldest, eldest
 
課后習(xí)題講解
—It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.
—Right. That's what she likes to do ________.
A.more                
B.less               
C.most                
D.least
答案:C
解析:上句“愛(ài)麗絲好像是除了畫(huà)畫(huà)什么也不想做”,下句重申“的確,那是她‘最’喜歡做的。”用most最高級(jí)來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,故選C。
 
—Peter looks sporty.
—Yes. He is the ________ runner in my class.
A.slower        
B.slowest   
C.faster             
D.fastest
答案:D
 
I can________ be a nurse.I'm not a very patient person.
A.seldom           
B.ever       
C.never                   
D.Always
答案:C
 
Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. ________ you are, ________ mistakes you'll make.
A.The more carefully; the fewer           
B.The more careful; the less
C.The more carefully; the less             
D.The more careful; the fewer
答案:D
解析:本題考查形容詞比較級(jí)的用法。“the+比較級(jí)…the+比較級(jí)”的用法,表示“越……越……”。“你越細(xì)心”這個(gè)句子是系表結(jié)構(gòu),故用形容詞careful。fewer是few 的比較級(jí),修飾可數(shù)名詞,故選D。
 
Remember, boys.  ________ you stand,  ________ you will see.
A.The higher; the farther   
B.Higher; farther    
C.The highest; the farthest
D.High; far
答案:A
 
She is very good at painting. She can paint ________ her teacher.
A.a(chǎn)s better as       
B.a(chǎn)s well as
C.a(chǎn)s good as       
D.so well as
答案:B
解析:as...as 中間用形容詞,副詞原級(jí),答案A可以排除;再則副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故答案選B。
 
—Why don't you like winter in Beijing?
—Because it is ________ winter in Guangzhou.
A.a(chǎn)s cold as     
B.much colder than   
C.not so cold as     
D.not colder than
答案:B
 
Uncle Carl is really             man.
A.a(chǎn)n old sweet    
B.a(chǎn) sweet,old
C.a(chǎn) sweet old    
D.a(chǎn)n old,sweet
答案:C
解析:形容詞的排列要求是:描繪性的形容詞在表示特征的形容詞前,因?yàn)樘卣魍ǔJ遣豢筛淖兊。Sweet是描述性的詞,而old是表示特征的。選項(xiàng)C正確。
 
This is ________ difficult problem that few students can work it out.
A.so    
B.so a    
C.such    
D.such a
答案:D    
 
全國(guó)成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料-形容詞副詞
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