全國成人高考專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料-語法動詞

二、動詞
動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。
動詞的分類：動詞大體上分為及物動詞、不及物動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。

1.及物動詞
這類動詞要求后接一個賓語、雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。
（1）后接一個賓語：及物動詞+一個賓語，如have an idea 。
（2）后接雙賓語：所謂雙賓語是指有些及物動詞可以接兩個賓語。表達方式為：及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語，如bought me a car。其中me為間接賓語，a car 為直接賓語。雙賓語的特點是間接賓語可以改為由介詞to 或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語后面。
例： I wonder who will cook us meal today.
     A little girl gives an old man her seat on the bus.
（3）后接復(fù)合賓語：所謂復(fù)合賓語是指有些動詞之后的賓語需加另一詞或短語補充說明其狀態(tài)、特征、身份、動作等，使得句子完整。表達方式為：及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語，如keep the room clean。
例：We leave him at home.
We ask him to join us.
 
2.不及物動詞
這類動詞不要求有賓語，很多動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。
例： He graduated.
     We won.
     We won a World Cup.  
 
3.連系動詞    
這類動詞本身有詞義，但不能獨立做謂語，必須有名詞或形容詞做它們的表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。這類動詞有：
appear,be,become,feel,get,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,taste.
例：He looks sharp today.
He finally became an engineer.
 
4.助動詞
這類動詞本身無意義，不能獨立做謂語，必須與有適宜的動詞共同表示時態(tài)，語態(tài)、語氣、（否定、疑問）倒裝或強調(diào)。這類動詞有：be,do,have,shall,will。
例：Does Mary come every week? Never does she come.（疑問，倒裝）
Mary didn't get the letter.
Mary would come if she were invited.
 
5.情態(tài)動詞
這類動詞本身有表示猜測、必要、能力以及義務(wù)之含義，但意義不完全，不能獨立作謂語，必須與動詞原形構(gòu)成意義完整的謂語部分。這類動詞有：can ,dare,may,must,need,ought to,shall,will.
例： He cannot offer is daughter's education.
     He might be about ten minutes late.
動詞的形式
    動詞有五種基本形式：動詞原形、現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。除過去式和過去分詞有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種變化外，其他均按其規(guī)則變化。
過去式和過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化本書已經(jīng)將其列表放入附錄1。
動詞時態(tài)概述
動詞的時態(tài)由動詞的時間和動詞的狀態(tài)相互組合而成。動詞有四個時間段：現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時和過去將來時；四種狀態(tài)：一般、進行、完成和完成進行狀態(tài)。
它們相互構(gòu)成16種時態(tài)：

時態(tài)	現(xiàn)在時	過去時	將來時	過去將來時
一般	一般現(xiàn)在時	一般過去時	一般將來時	一般過去將來時
進行	現(xiàn)在進行時	過去進行時	將來進行時	▲過去將來進行時
完成	現(xiàn)在完成時	過去完成時	▲將來完成時	▲過去將來完成時
完成進行	現(xiàn)在完成進行時	▲過去完成進行時	▲將來完成進行時	▲過去將來完成進行時

一般現(xiàn)在時-動詞+s形式的構(gòu)成：

規(guī)則變化	原形動詞結(jié)尾情況		現(xiàn)在時單三人稱	e.g.
	一般情況		+s	book-books
	s, x, ch, sh, (讀音為[s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ]）結(jié)尾	+es		miss-misses, rush-rushes
	輔音字母+y結(jié)尾		y→i,+es	worry-worries
	o結(jié)尾		+es	go-goes, do-does
不規(guī)則變化			have→has；be→is	單數(shù)第一人稱為am, 其他為are

過去式/過去分詞(動詞+ed)的構(gòu)成：

規(guī)則變化	原形動詞結(jié)尾情況	過去式和過去分詞	e.g.
	一般情況	+ed	talk-talked
	輔音字母+y結(jié)尾	y→i,+ed	study-studied，但：play-played
	重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔結(jié)尾	雙寫輔音字母,+ed	stop-stopped, fit-fitted, refer-referred 但：mix-mixed, enter-entered, oil-oiled
	不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾	+d	line-lined, decide-decided
不規(guī)則變化		(見不規(guī)則動詞變化表)	詳見附錄一：不規(guī)則動詞

1.動詞時態(tài)的基本用法
（1）一般現(xiàn)在時：主語+動詞現(xiàn)在式，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，表示客觀真理或科學(xué)事實，表示日常的行為、習(xí)慣或能力。常用的表示時間或頻率的狀語有：always，everyday，often，on Sundays，seldom，sometimes，usually，twice a week等等，當(dāng)always 用在進行時時，通常表示對某一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或行為不滿。
例： He runs 1,000 meters every morning.
     I have four classes on Mondays.
     He is always late.
（2）一般過去時：主語+動詞過去式（V+ed），表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：last month, yesterday,today,just now ,in those days,in the year of... , ...ago等。
例： Where did you go yesterday?
     I just had a meeting this morning.
（3）現(xiàn)在進行時：主語+be的現(xiàn)在式（am/is/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（V+ing），表示說話時正在發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生但此刻不一定正在進行的動作。常用的時間狀語有:at present,at this moment,now,these days等。
例： He is doing his homework while his parents are watching TV.
     We are working on a program these months.
要注意的是，有些動詞是不能夠用于現(xiàn)在進行時的agree,believe,belong,get,hate,hear,include,know,love,matter,need,prefer,possess,realize,recognize,see,seem,understand,want等。
（4）過去進行時：主語+be的過去式(was/were)+現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示過去某一時間內(nèi)進行的動作。時間狀語有：yesterday,today,this afternoon等。
例：What were you doing when I called you this afternoon?
At that time she was working as librarian in a library.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時：主語 +have/has+過去分詞(V+ed)，表示對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的過去發(fā)生的動作。常用的引導(dǎo)短語或從句的詞以及時間狀語有：after,before,during,for,from,in,since,alreday,just,this week,today,now,up to now,in the past ,never,so far,recently,always,long ago,till/until 等。
例： I have never been to Hawaii.
     We haven't had any problems so far.
(6)過去完成時：主語+had+過去分詞(V+ed)，表示過去某段時間以前完成的動作。時間狀語有：by the end, that year,no sooner ... than,before,last year,ago, yestaday等。
例： No sooner had I stepped in the room than the phone rang.
過去完成時還出現(xiàn)在間接引語中，作said,told,knew,heard等的從句。
I heard you had finished your homework.
(7)現(xiàn)在完成進行時：主語+have/has been +現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示動作從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，但不一定繼續(xù)下去。時間狀語有：all this time,all day,this month,recently等。
例： It has been raining all day.
     What have you been doing?
(8)過去完成進行時：主語+had been +現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示動作從過去某一時間以前開始直到那個時間。
例：We had been talking about you when you came in.
    At last he got the offer from the university he had been expecting.
(9)一般將來時：主語+shall/will +動詞原形，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。時間狀語有：tomorrow,next year,in a few days,today等。
例： We shall be on holiday next week.
     What time will he arrive there?
(10)過去將來時：主語+should/would+動詞原形，表示過去將來要發(fā)生的動作，通常用于賓語從句。
例： He sail he would discuss the problem with his professor.
其他一般將來時和過去將來時的表示方法：be going to +動詞原形，be+to+動詞原形，be about to +動詞原形，以及現(xiàn)在進行時。
例： They are going to climb the West Mountains tomorrow.
     I was just about to leave ween you came in.
     The New Year is coming.
     Mary is to get married next week.
(11)將來進行時：主語+shall/will be +現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示將來的某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作。時間狀語有：tomorrow,in two years,this time next year等。
例：Can you imagine what you will be doing this time four years later.
(12)過去將來進行時：主語+shlould/would be+現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示過去未來的某個時間將進行的動作，通常用于賓語從句。
例：He asked me what I should be doing tomorrow evening.
(13)將來完成時：主語+will have+過去分詞(V+ed)，表示將來某一刻前已完成的動作。
例：Hurry up, or our train will have left before we get there.
(14)過去將來完成時：主語+should/would have +過去分詞(V+ed)，表示在過去將來某一時間以前發(fā)生的動作，通常作賓語從句。
例：We hoped that we should have moved into our new house by the end of the month.
(15)將來完成進行時：主語+shall/will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)，表示將來某時一直延續(xù)的動作。
例：She will have been teaching in this school for 30 years by next summer.
 (16)過去將來完成進行時，很少用到。

2、部分動詞時態(tài)間的區(qū)別
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是對現(xiàn)在有影響的發(fā)生在過去的動作。而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示某動作從過去開始一直到現(xiàn)在，該動作也許已停止，也許仍繼續(xù)。
例： The student has worked on his homework all night.
     The student has been working on his homework all night.
(2)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：一般過去時強調(diào)動作本身，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作所產(chǎn)生的影響。
例： I worked for that company three years ago.
     I have worked for that company for three years.
(3)過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：兩者時間表示不同。前者表示過去發(fā)生以前發(fā)生的動作，而后者表示現(xiàn)在以前發(fā)生的動作。
例：Mother had had supper ready before her children got home.(做飯的動作發(fā)生在過去的以前)
Mother has had supper ready before her children get home.（做飯的動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的以前）

（一）動詞的語態(tài)
動詞的語態(tài)有兩種，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動態(tài)中主語時謂語動作的發(fā)出者，而被動態(tài)中主語則是謂語動作的承受者。兩種語態(tài)的表現(xiàn)形式為：        
主動態(tài)=主語（動作的發(fā)出者）+謂語
被動態(tài)=主語（動作的承受者）+be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by+動作的發(fā)出者）
例：The company just hired twenty new workers.
    Twenty new workers were just hired by the company.

1、被動態(tài)的時態(tài)變化
一般現(xiàn)在時：be done
一般過去時：was/were done
現(xiàn)在進行時：be being done
過去進行時：was/were being done
一般將來時：will be done
過去將來時：would be done
現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been done
過去完成時：had been done
將來完成時：will have been done
過去將來完成時：would have been done
例：The Mountain Climbing has been canceled because of the rain.
    He said his book wouldn't have been done by the end of the year.

2、被動語態(tài)的其他表現(xiàn)形式
（1）習(xí)慣上用于被動語態(tài)的句型：
It is believed that...     人們相信...
It is decided that...    大家決定...
It is hoped that...        希望...
It is remembered that...    記住...
It is reported that...    據(jù)報道...
It is said that...    有人建議...
It is thought that...    人們認為...
It is known that...    眾說周知...
It is done                完成了。
例： It is reported that between forty and fifty people have died in the fighting.
     It is well known that he was one of the most famous movie stars of his day.
(2)動詞的主動形式表示被動意義。含有被動意義的動詞有： blame,clean, cook,cut,remain,sell,wash等。
例：Tickets for the show sold out in 70 minutes.
    My life is ruined and I suppose I only have myself to blame.

動詞的語氣
語氣有三種：陳述語氣、陳述事實;祈使語氣、發(fā)出命令、提出請求等；虛擬語氣，表達愿望、建議、假設(shè)等。
例： She was accepted by Beijing University.(陳述)
     Don't open the windows.（祈使）
     If I were you, I would try it again.（虛擬）
 
1、條件句中的虛擬語氣：條件句有兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。
真實條件句表達與事實相符或完全可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)。
例：I won't go if it rains.
虛擬條件的幾種情況：
(1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反，公式：If +主語+動詞過去式/were...，主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形。
例：If I were you ,I would accept his apology.
（我不是你）
(2)與過去事實相反,公式：If+主語+had+過去分詞...，主語+should/would/could/might/+have+過去分詞。
例：If he hadn't been so busy ,he must have come to your birthday party.
(3)與將來事實相反，公式：If+主語+動詞過去式/should/were to...,主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形。
例：She won't come tomorrow.But if she should come,I would ask her to ring you.
(4)If的省略。條件句中含有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be或have 時，if可省略，但情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be或have必須前置。
例：Were I you, I would accept his apology.
 
2、從句中的虛擬語氣：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、狀語從句和定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示命令、建議、愿望等。
(1)主語從句。指It is /was+形容詞+that+主語should+動詞原形+...，從句中的should可省略。It 是形式主語，后面that引導(dǎo)的從句才是真正的主語，為主句從句�？捎糜谶@種句型的形容詞包括：decided、desired、important、necessary、ordered、proposed、requested、required、settled、suggested表示決定、愿望、重要、必要、建議等。
例：It is desired that we (should)get everything ready by tonight.
    It is suggested that the meeting (should)be canceled.
(2)賓語從句。指主語+某些動詞+that+從句主語+should+動詞原形+...，從句中的should可省略。這些動詞包括：ask、advise、beg、command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、suggest，表示命令、建議、愿望、堅持等。
例：I propose that we (should) move to the new house next week.
    The professor suggested that the meeting (should) be canceled.
(3)表語從句。指主語+is that+從句主語+should do+...，從句中的should可省略。做主語的名詞有：idea、motion、order、plan 、proposal、recommendation、suggestion，表示想法、計劃、提議、建議等。
例： My proposal is that you (should) do the research alone.
     His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be canceled.
(4)定語從句。指It is time that +從句主語+動詞過去式或should do+...，其中should不能省略。表示到什么時候了。
例：It is time that we went to bed.
    It is high time that we should make a decision.
(5)狀語從句。指as if /though+從句主語+動詞過去式...表示好像；lest+從句主語+should do+ ...表示唯恐。
例：It looks as if it was/were going to rain.
He put his coat over the girl lest she should catch cold.
 
3、其他形式的虛擬語氣：在wish后做賓語的從句，表示愿望、遺憾。表達現(xiàn)在的愿望時，從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或過去進行時；表達對已發(fā)生的事感到后悔、遺憾時，從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時；表達對將來的愿望時，從句中的謂語動詞用過去將來時。Be不分人稱均為were。
例：I wish I were as slim as you.
I wish I had not told him that, or he won't quit.
 
非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞分四種：動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動詞的特點是不能作謂語，但可在句中做其他成分。
1、動詞不定式
（1）動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。動詞不定式有三種時態(tài)（一般時、進行時、完成時）和兩種語態(tài)（主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)）的變化。
動詞不定式的三種時態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式：
一般時  to do
進行時  to be doing
完成時  to have done
動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)：to be done
動詞不定式的否定式：not to do
例：I couldn't ask him to come.(一般時)
    He feels so good to be working with some friends at such a moment.（進行時）
    He seems to have read that letter.（完成時）
    The book he wrote is going to be sent to the publisher.（被動語態(tài)）
He decided not to quit the job.（否定式）
(2)動詞不定式作賓語
①動詞不定式作形容詞的賓語，表示情感。形式為：形容詞+to do。這類動詞有：afraid，angry,anxious，careful，clever，content，determined，eager，foolish，free，glad，happy，interesting，likely，lucky，prepared，quick，ready，slow，sorry，sure，surprised，willing，wrong等。
例：I am glad to see you.
②動詞不定式作動詞的賓語。形式為：動詞+to do。這類動詞有：afford，aim，agree，appear，arrange，ask，bother，care，choose，come，dare，decide，demand，determine，desire，elect，expect，fail，happen，help，hesitate，hope，learn，mean，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，wait，wish等。
例：Would you care to join us for dinner?
(3)動詞不定式短語
①疑問詞+to do，這類疑問詞有：how,waht,when,where,which,who,why等。
例：No one knows how to contact with her.
②It is +形容詞+for+名詞/代詞+to do sth。
名詞/代詞為動詞不定式的邏輯主語，是動詞不定式動作的發(fā)出者。
例:The lecturer writes something on the board for the                                                                                     audience to take notes easilly.
③It is +形容詞+of+名詞/代詞+to do sth。of前大多作為形容詞，表示動詞不定式的動作所產(chǎn)生的情感。通常用It is/was ...句型。這類形容詞有bad，bold，clever，cruel，rude，good，honest，kind，nice，thoughtful，typical，wise，wrong等。
例：It is very rude of you to treat him like that.
④動詞不定式短語作獨立成分。在句中可作獨立成分的動詞不定式短語有：so to speak可以說，strange to say說來奇怪，to be brief簡言之，to be exact確切地說，to be fair公平的說，to be frank坦言之，to be sure無疑，to begin with首先，to conclude總之，to make a long story short長話短說，to tell the truth說實話。
例：Strange to say,how did he get the news?
有些詞組后跟的to不是動詞不定式的標(biāo)志，而是介詞，此時to后不能跟動詞原形，只能是名詞或動名詞。這類詞組有：admit to承認，be accustomed to習(xí)慣于，be devoted to致力于，be/get used to習(xí)慣于，devote oneself to獻身于，look forward to盼望，pay attention to注意，stick to堅持，turn to開始、著手于，等等。
例：Eventually you get used to the smells in the laboratory.
He looks forward to visiting Beijing earlier.
 
2.動名詞
(1)動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。動名詞有兩種時態(tài)（一般時和完成時）和兩種語態(tài)（主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）的變化。
動名詞的兩種時態(tài)：一般時   doing
                  完成時   having done
動名詞的被動語態(tài)：一般時   being done
                  完成時   having been done
動名詞的否定式： not doing
例：They like playing games together.（一般時）
    I couldn't remember having seen him.（完成時）
    He was delighted for being hired by the big company.（被動語態(tài)）
    She was upset for not passing the test.（否定式）
(2)動名詞的邏輯主語。其構(gòu)成是在動名詞前加物主代詞或名詞所有格。
例：Their coming is a great help to us.
    Is there any hope of Mary's getting that position?
(3)動名詞作動詞賓語。有些動詞后只能接動名詞，而不能接動詞不定式。這類動詞有：avoid，can't help,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,excuse，fancy，finish，include，keep，mind，resist，risk，postpone，practise，require,suggest等。
例：I try to avoid going shopping on Sundays.
注意：有些動詞后可接動名詞也可接動詞不定式。這類動詞有：begin,can't bear,can't afford,continue,deserve,dislike,hate,like,love,need,neglect,prefer,propose,start等。這些動詞后接動名詞或動詞不定式時，其意義不變。但有些動詞后接動名詞或動詞不定式時意義則不同。這類動詞有：regret，remember，stop等。
例： She stops reading.
     She stops to read.
 
3.現(xiàn)在分詞
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)�，F(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時態(tài)（一般時、完成時）和兩種語態(tài)（主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）的變化。主要起形容詞和副詞的作用。
現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)：一般時       doing
                完成時       having done
現(xiàn)在分詞被動態(tài)：一般時       being done
                完成時       having been done
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式：not doing
例：They came into the room laughing and talking.（一般時）
    Not knowing his phone number I couldn't contact him.（否定式）
    Having cleaned the room she began to work on her reading.（完成時）
    Having been treated nicely in the hospital ,the patient was deeply moved.（完成時被動語態(tài)）
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語�，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語有兩種情況。一種是當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，他的邏輯主語必須與謂語動詞的邏輯主語一致。第二種情況是如果兩個部分的邏輯主語不一致，現(xiàn)在分詞短語必須有自己的邏輯主語。其表現(xiàn)形式為：名詞/代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
例：Having known him for such a long time,she is sure that he won't do that.
She having left,the rest went on discussing.
 
4.過去分詞
(1)過去分詞一般表示完成和被動的動作。表現(xiàn)形式：done。
例：The experience gained will be of great value to us.（完成）
Those sent to the west will work there for one year.（被動）
(2)過去分詞的邏輯主語同現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語的情況一樣。過去分詞短語的邏輯主語應(yīng)與謂語動詞的邏輯主語一致，或有自己的邏輯主語。表現(xiàn)形式為：名詞/代詞主格+過去分詞短語。
例：All things considered, the situation is proved serious.
    Surrounded by so many fans,the singer star rushed out of the hall.
5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動態(tài)，而過去分詞表示被動態(tài)。在時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或正在發(fā)生。而過去分詞則表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，或沒有一定的時間性。
 
課后習(xí)題講解
Miss Gao came to our school in 2006. She ________ here for four years.  
A．teaches      
B．taught  
C．has taught
答案：C
解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。由句中的介詞for可判斷。它是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志，故選C。
 
—Have you ever ________ Xingkai Lake?
—Yes. I ________ there last month. It's quite beautiful.
A．gone to; went     
B．been to; went      
C．been to; go
答案：B
 
—Do you know when the 29th Olympic Games ________？
—Yes, in 2008.
A．hold     
B．is held  
C．was held
答案：C
解析：奧林匹克運動會的舉行需要用被動時態(tài)，由于29屆奧林匹克運動會在過去舉行的，所以用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故選C。
 
—John, you can't go out to play until your homework ________.
—OK, Mum.
A．finishes  
B．has finished    
C．is finished
答案：C
 
—Where's Li Hua?
—Look! He ________ tennis on the playground.
A．plays   
B．played
C．was playing   
D．is playing
答案：D
解析：look是現(xiàn)在進行時的標(biāo)志，故答案應(yīng)選D。
 
—Jack? Jack? Can you come?
—I ________ my homework.
A．do          
B．will do  
C．a(chǎn)m doing                 
D．was doing
答案：C
 
—I ________ cleaning my bedroom. It's clean now.
—Wow. When ________ you ________ it?
A．have finished; did; finish  
B．finished; have; finished
C．finish; do; finish  
D．have finished; have; finished
答案：A
解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。句意為“我已經(jīng)打掃了我的房間，現(xiàn)在干凈了。你什么時候打掃的？”故選A。
 
—You have a nice watch.
—Thank you. I ________ it since I got married.
A．had             
B．bought        
C．have had               
D．have bought
答案：C
 
—What did your dad tell you, my baby?
—He said the sun ________ in the east.
A．went up           
B．will go up          
C．goes up
答案：C
解析：雖然按照賓語從句的知識，主句是過去時，從句也要用過去的時態(tài)，但是這里的從句說的是客觀真理“太陽從東方升起”，所以不用過去，而用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以選擇答案C。
 
Our teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A．travels         
B．travelled   
C．travelling            
D．is travelled
答案：A
 
—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
—I think a bridge ________ over the river.
A．should be built       
B．is being built   
C．has been built        
D．was built
答案：A
解析：我認為橋應(yīng)該被建，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，故選A。
 


全國成人高考專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料-語法動詞